Human Smuggling from Iraq, Horn of Africa and the former Soviet Union to the Netherlands

Affects of Migrants smuggled towards the Netherlands coming from 3 different regions (Iraq, Horn of Africa and former Soviet Union)

In this seminar I will focus on migrants who have been smuggled towards the Netherlands coming from 3 different regions; Iraq, Horn of Africa and the former Soviet Union. The central questions are; to what extent do smugglers give direction to migration and how much autonomy do migrants have in deciding where they want to travel? The common assumption is that smuggled migrants are recruited by criminals and have little to say within the migration process. But the relation between the smugglers and the smuggled seems more diverse than that. 3 different types of interaction between the smuggler and the migrant are identified. Subsequently the question is addressed how this process is related to, and interacts with, the context of Dutch migration policies. The increased crack down on unsolicited migration in the Netherlands of the past decade has not reduced the numbers of irregular entries. Moreover what we see is that the involvement of human smugglers has been on the increase and this involvement has shaped the migration process substantially.

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